Compare Christmas Island (2005) - Tonga (2008)

Compare Christmas Island (2005) z Tonga (2008)

	Christmas Island (2005)	Tonga (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	NA	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	1 (2004 est.)	6 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.	Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	NA	23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA	revenues: $56.97 million expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
Capital	The Settlement	name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	138.9 km	419 km
Constitution	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Death rate	NA	5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$80.7 million (2004)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	NA	$31.75 million (2005)
Economy - overview	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	-	32.55 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	35 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)	Polynesian, Europeans
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)	pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia	chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	phosphate	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	Australia, NZ	US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA	agriculture: 23% industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA	2.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	10 30 S, 105 40 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA	842.3 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	principally Australia	Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006)
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	-	1% (2003 est.)
Industries	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	11.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	none	ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Labor force	NA	33,910 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	NA	agriculture: 65% industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Chinese, Malay	Tongan, English
Legal system	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law	based on English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held in 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 70.12 years male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Southeast Asia	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	-	total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	-
Military branches	-	Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.9% (2006 est.)
National holiday	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	phosphate, beaches	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
People - note	the Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census	-
Political parties and leaders	none	People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]
Population	361 (July 2005 est.)	116,921 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	24% (FY03/04)
Population growth rate	0% (2005 est.)	1.847% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Flying Fish Cove	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	13,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	29,900 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	NA	3 (2004)
Terrain	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	NA	2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	13% (FY03/04 est.)

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